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Clarify bitwise operations used in addition without arithmetic #14059

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Merged
cclauss merged 3 commits into from
Sep 25, 2026
+9 −5
Merged

Clarify bitwise operations used in addition without arithmetic #14059

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583c91b
Document addition function using bitwise operations
Soham-1616 Dec 31, 2025
5793dcb
[pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks
pre-commit-ci[bot] Dec 31, 2025
9a73f07
Refactor addition function documentation and output
cclauss Sep 25, 2026
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14 changes: 9 additions & 5 deletions maths/addition_without_arithmetic.py
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -8,7 +8,10 @@

def add(first: int, second: int) -> int:
"""
Implementation of addition of integer
Add two integers using bitwise operations instead of arithmetic operators.
- XOR (^) to add bits without carrying
- AND (&) to calculate carry bits
- Left shift (<<) to move the carry to the correct position

Examples:
>>> add(3, 5)
Expand All @@ -19,10 +22,11 @@ def add(first: int, second: int) -> int:
-5
>>> add(0, -7)
-7
>>> add(-321, 0)
-321
>>> add(-321, 1)
-320
"""
while second != 0:

while second != 0: # Continue until there is no carry left
c = first & second
first ^= second
second = c << 1
Expand All @@ -36,4 +40,4 @@ def add(first: int, second: int) -> int:

first = int(input("Enter the first number: ").strip())
second = int(input("Enter the second number: ").strip())
print(f"{add(first, second) = }")
print(f"{first = }, {second = }, {add(first, second) = }")
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