diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 92b1d7f6d..bd875b0f1 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Install the Python dependencies without debugpy
         run: |
-          pip install .[test]
+          pip install . --group test
           pip uninstall --yes debugpy
 
       - name: List installed packages
@@ -253,6 +253,8 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - uses: jupyterlab/maintainer-tools/.github/actions/base-setup@21b1cac622018fd37ec13a1c8081da814e10d94e # v1.0.0
       - uses: jupyterlab/maintainer-tools/.github/actions/test-sdist@21b1cac622018fd37ec13a1c8081da814e10d94e # v1.0.0
+        with:
+          package_spec: ". --group test"
 
   link_check:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
diff --git a/.readthedocs.yaml b/.readthedocs.yaml
index 8e17caad0..ef133e98a 100644
--- a/.readthedocs.yaml
+++ b/.readthedocs.yaml
@@ -10,8 +10,7 @@ sphinx:
 
 python:
   install:
-    # install itself with pip install .
-    - method: pip
-      path: .
-      extra_requirements:
+    - method: uv
+      command: sync
+      groups:
         - docs
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index 8cbd12bbd..687b59095 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ Documentation = "https://ipykernel.readthedocs.io"
 Source = "https://github.com/ipython/ipykernel"
 Tracker = "https://github.com/ipython/ipykernel/issues"
 
-[project.optional-dependencies]
+[dependency-groups]
 docs = [
   "sphinx",
   "myst_parser",
@@ -84,26 +84,26 @@ path = "ipykernel/_version.py"
 "./ipykernel_launcher.py" = "ipykernel_launcher.py"
 
 [tool.hatch.envs.docs]
-features = ["docs"]
+dependency-groups = ["docs"]
 [tool.hatch.envs.docs.scripts]
 build = "make -C docs html SPHINXOPTS='-W'"
 api = "sphinx-apidoc -o docs/api -f -E ipykernel tests ipykernel/datapub.py ipykernel/pickleutil.py ipykernel/serialize.py ipykernel/gui ipykernel/pylab ipykernel/utils.py"
 
 [tool.hatch.envs.test]
-features = ["test"]
+dependency-groups = ["test"]
 [tool.hatch.envs.test.scripts]
 list = "python -m pip freeze"
 test = "python -m pytest -vv {args}"
 nowarn = "test -W default {args}"
 
 [tool.hatch.envs.cov]
-features = ["test", "cov"]
+dependency-groups = ["test", "cov"]
 [tool.hatch.envs.cov.scripts]
 test = "python -m pytest -vv --cov ipykernel --cov-branch --cov-report term-missing:skip-covered {args}"
 nowarn = "test -W default {args}"
 
 [tool.hatch.envs.cov.overrides]
-env.QT.features = [
+env.QT.dependency-groups = [
     { value = "pyqt5", if = ["qt5"] },
     { value = "pyside6", if = ["qt6"] },
 ]