diff --git a/src/dsc/psresourceget.ps1 b/src/dsc/psresourceget.ps1
index 9c8752722..b4a88d0fc 100644
--- a/src/dsc/psresourceget.ps1
+++ b/src/dsc/psresourceget.ps1
@@ -59,42 +59,35 @@ class PSResource {
         $this._exist = $false
     }
 
+    ## $this is the current state of the resource and $other is the desired state
     [bool] IsInDesiredState([PSResource] $other) {
         $retValue = $true
 
-        $psResourceSplat = @{
-            Name           = $this.name
-            Version        = if ($this.version) { $this.version } else { '*' }
-        }
-
-        Get-PSResource @psResourceSplat | Where-Object {
-            ($null -eq $this.scope -or $_.Scope -eq $this.scope) -and
-            ($null -eq $this.repositoryName -or $_.Repository -eq $this.repositoryName)
-        } | Select-Object -First 1 | ForEach-Object {
-            Write-Trace -message "Matching resource found: Name=$($_.Name), Version=$($_.Version), Scope=$($_.Scope), Repository=$($_.Repository), PreRelease=$($_.PreRelease)" -level debug
-            $this._exist = $true
-        }
-
         if ($this.name -ne $other.name) {
             Write-Trace -message "Name mismatch: $($this.name) vs $($other.name)" -level debug
             $retValue = $false
         }
-        elseif ($null -ne $this.version -and $null -ne $other.version -and -not (SatisfiesVersion -version $this.version -versionRange $other.version)) {
+        ## Compare _exist first. When the resource should not exist, only its absence matters
+        elseif ($this._exist -ne $other._exist) {
+            Write-Trace -message "_exist mismatch: $($this._exist) vs $($other._exist)" -level debug
+            $retValue = $false
+        }
+        elseif (-not $other._exist) {
+            Write-Trace -message "Resource '$($this.name)' does not exist, as desired." -level debug
+        }
+        ## The string properties are empty instead of null when not specified, which means there is no constraint
+        elseif (-not [string]::IsNullOrEmpty($other.version) -and -not (SatisfiesVersion -version $this.version -versionRange $other.version)) {
             Write-Trace -message "Version mismatch: $($this.version) vs $($other.version)" -level debug
             $retValue = $false
         }
-        elseif ($null -ne $this.scope -and $this.scope -ne $other.scope) {
+        elseif ($this.scope -ne $other.scope) {
             Write-Trace -message "Scope mismatch: $($this.scope) vs $($other.scope)" -level debug
             $retValue = $false
         }
-        elseif ($null -ne $this.repositoryName -and $this.repositoryName -ne $other.repositoryName) {
+        elseif (-not [string]::IsNullOrEmpty($other.repositoryName) -and $this.repositoryName -ne $other.repositoryName) {
             Write-Trace -message "Repository mismatch: $($this.repositoryName) vs $($other.repositoryName)" -level debug
             $retValue = $false
         }
-        elseif ($this._exist -ne $other._exist) {
-            Write-Trace -message "_exist mismatch: $($this._exist) vs $($other._exist)" -level debug
-            $retValue = $false
-        }
 
         return $retValue
     }
@@ -133,31 +126,19 @@ class PSResourceList {
             return $false
         }
 
-        if ($null -ne $this.resources -and $this.resources.Count -ne $other.resources.Count) {
+        if ($this.resources.Count -ne $other.resources.Count) {
             Write-Trace -message "Resources count mismatch: $($this.resources.Count) vs $($other.resources.Count)" -level debug
             return $false
         }
 
-        foreach ($otherResource in $other.resources) {
-            $found = $false
-            foreach ($resource in $this.resources) {
-                if ($resource.IsInDesiredState($otherResource)) {
-                    $found = $true
-                    break
-                }
-            }
+        ## Every desired resource has to be in desired state, not only the first one
+        $pendingActions = @(GetPSResourceListActions -desiredResources $other.resources -currentResources $this.resources | Where-Object { $_.action -ne 'None' })
 
-            if ($found) {
-                Write-Trace -message "Resource match found for: $($otherResource.name)" -level debug
-                break
-            }
-            else {
-                Write-Trace -message "Resource mismatch for: $($otherResource.name)" -level debug
-                return $false
-            }
+        foreach ($pendingAction in $pendingActions) {
+            Write-Trace -message "Resource mismatch for: $($pendingAction.desired.name). Required action: $($pendingAction.action)" -level debug
         }
 
-        return $true
+        return $pendingActions.Count -eq 0
     }
 
     [string] ToJson() {
@@ -309,8 +290,9 @@ function ConvertInputToPSResource(
 }
 
 # catch any un-caught exception and write it to the error stream
+# trace it as an error, otherwise only the exit code description from the manifest is shown to the user
 trap {
-    Write-Trace -message "Exiting with error code 1 due to unhandled exception: $($_.Exception.Message)" -level debug
+    Write-Trace -message "Exiting with error code 1 due to unhandled exception: $($_.Exception.Message)" -level error
     exit [ExitCode]::Error
 }
 
@@ -319,12 +301,7 @@ function GetPSResourceList {
         [PSCustomObject]$inputObj
     )
 
-    $inputResources = @()
-    $inputResources += if ($inputObj.resources) {
-        $inputObj.resources | ForEach-Object {
-            ConvertInputToPSResource -inputObj $_ -repositoryName $inputObj.repositoryName
-        }
-    }
+    $inputResources = @(ConvertInputToPSResourceList -inputObj $inputObj)
 
     $repositoryState = Get-PSResourceRepository -Name $inputObj.repositoryName -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
 
@@ -369,6 +346,8 @@ function GetPSResourceList {
 
     $resolvedResources = @()
 
+    # Resolve exactly one current resource per input resource, in input order.
+    # GetPSResourceListActions relies on this to pair the desired and the current resources by index.
     foreach ($inputResource in $inputResources) {
         $matchingResources = $allPSResources | Where-Object { $_.Name -eq $inputResource.Name }
 
@@ -379,9 +358,8 @@ function GetPSResourceList {
                     try { SatisfiesVersion -version $_.Version -versionRange $inputResource.Version } catch { $false }
                 } | Select-Object -First 1
             }
-            elseif (-not ($resolvedResources | Where-Object { $_.Name -eq $inputResource.Name })) {
+            else {
                 # No version constraint: any installed version means the resource exists.
-                # Only record the first match so that one input resource maps to one current resource.
                 Write-Trace -message "No version constraint for input: $($inputResource.Name). Treating installed version $($matchingResources[0].Version) as a match." -level debug
                 $preferred = $matchingResources | Select-Object -First 1
             }
@@ -392,8 +370,10 @@ function GetPSResourceList {
             }
             else {
                 # Installed but doesn't satisfy the version range - report actual installed version with _exist = false
-                $fallback = $matchingResources | Select-Object -First 1
-                Write-Trace -message "Resource '$($inputResource.Name)' installed at '$($fallback.Version)' does not satisfy requested range '$($inputResource.Version)'. Reporting _exist = false." -level debug
+                # Use a copy, the installed resource can already be resolved for another input resource with the same name
+                $installed = $matchingResources | Select-Object -First 1
+                Write-Trace -message "Resource '$($inputResource.Name)' installed at '$($installed.Version)' does not satisfy requested range '$($inputResource.Version)'. Reporting _exist = false." -level debug
+                $fallback = [PSResource]::new($installed.name, $installed.version, $installed.scope, $installed.repositoryName, $installed.preRelease)
                 $fallback._exist = $false
                 $resolvedResources += $fallback
             }
@@ -407,6 +387,54 @@ function GetPSResourceList {
     PopulatePSResourceListObjectByRepository -resourcesExist $resolvedResources -inputResources $inputResources -repositoryName $inputPSResourceList.RepositoryName -trustedRepository $inputPSResourceList.trustedRepository
 }
 
+function ConvertInputToPSResourceList {
+    param(
+        [PSCustomObject]$inputObj
+    )
+
+    ## Piping a missing resources property would still run ForEach-Object once with a null input
+    if ($inputObj.resources) {
+        $inputObj.resources | ForEach-Object {
+            ConvertInputToPSResource -inputObj $_ -repositoryName $inputObj.repositoryName
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+## Pairs every desired resource with its current resource and decides the action needed to reach the desired state.
+## GetPSResourceList returns exactly one current resource per input resource, in input order, so they are paired by index.
+## The test, set and what-if operations all use this, so that they always agree on what has to happen.
+function GetPSResourceListActions {
+    param(
+        [PSResource[]]$desiredResources,
+        [PSResource[]]$currentResources
+    )
+
+    if ($desiredResources.Count -ne $currentResources.Count) {
+        throw "Cannot pair the desired and current resources. Desired count: $($desiredResources.Count), current count: $($currentResources.Count)."
+    }
+
+    for ($i = 0; $i -lt $desiredResources.Count; $i++) {
+        $desired = $desiredResources[$i]
+        $current = $currentResources[$i]
+
+        $action = if ($current.IsInDesiredState($desired)) {
+            'None'
+        }
+        elseif ($desired._exist) {
+            'Install'
+        }
+        else {
+            'Uninstall'
+        }
+
+        [pscustomobject]@{
+            desired = $desired
+            current = $current
+            action  = $action
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 function GetOperation {
     param(
         [string]$ResourceType
@@ -474,8 +502,7 @@ function TestPSResourceList {
         [PSCustomObject]$inputObj
     )
 
-    $inputResources = @()
-    $inputResources += $inputObj.resources | ForEach-Object { ConvertInputToPSResource -inputObj $_ -repositoryName $inputObj.repositoryName }
+    $inputResources = @(ConvertInputToPSResourceList -inputObj $inputObj)
 
     $repositoryState = Get-PSResourceRepository -Name $inputObj.repositoryName -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
 
@@ -485,6 +512,8 @@ function TestPSResourceList {
         $retValue._inDesiredState = $false
         $retValue.ToJsonForTest()
         '["repositoryName", "resources"]'
+        ## DSC expects exactly one state and one diff line
+        return
     }
 
     $inputPSResourceList = [PSResourceList]::new($inputObj.repositoryName, $inputResources, $repositoryState.Trusted)
@@ -585,17 +614,19 @@ function WhatIfPSResourceList {
     )
 
     $repositoryName = $inputObj.repositoryName
+    $desiredResources = @(ConvertInputToPSResourceList -inputObj $inputObj)
     $currentState = GetPSResourceList -inputObj $inputObj
     $projectedResources = @()
-    $inputObj.resources | ForEach-Object {
-        $resourceDesiredState = ConvertInputToPSResource -inputObj $_ -repositoryName $repositoryName
+
+    ## Use the same actions as the set operation, so that what-if reports what set is going to do
+    foreach ($resourceAction in @(GetPSResourceListActions -desiredResources $desiredResources -currentResources $currentState.resources)) {
+        $resourceDesiredState = $resourceAction.desired
+        $currentResource = $resourceAction.current
         $name = $resourceDesiredState.name
         $version = $resourceDesiredState.version
-        $scope = if ($resourceDesiredState.scope) { $resourceDesiredState.scope } else { [Scope]'CurrentUser' }
-        $currentResource = $currentState.resources | Where-Object { $_.name -eq $name } | Select-Object -First 1
 
-        if (-not $resourceDesiredState._exist -and $null -ne $currentResource -and $currentResource._exist) {
-            $msg = "Would uninstall resource '$name'"
+        if ($resourceAction.action -eq 'Uninstall') {
+            $msg = if ($version) { "Would uninstall resource '$name' version '$version'" } else { "Would uninstall resource '$name'" }
             Write-Trace -message "WhatIf: $msg." -level debug
             $resource = [PSResource]::new(
                 $currentResource.name,
@@ -608,22 +639,17 @@ function WhatIfPSResourceList {
             $resource._metadata = [pscustomobject]@{ whatIf = @($msg) }
             $projectedResources += $resource
         }
-        elseif ($resourceDesiredState._exist -and ($null -eq $currentResource -or -not $currentResource._exist)) {
+        elseif ($resourceAction.action -eq 'Install') {
             $versionStr = if ($version) { $version } else { 'latest' }
             $msg = "Would install resource '$name' version '$versionStr'"
             Write-Trace -message "WhatIf: $msg." -level debug
-            $resource = [PSResource]::new($name, $versionStr, [Scope]$scope, $repositoryName, $resourceDesiredState.preRelease)
+            $resource = [PSResource]::new($name, $versionStr, $resourceDesiredState.scope, $repositoryName, $resourceDesiredState.preRelease)
             $resource._metadata = [pscustomobject]@{ whatIf = @($msg) }
             $projectedResources += $resource
         }
         else {
             Write-Trace -message "WhatIf: Resource '$name' is already in desired state." -level debug
-            if ($null -ne $currentResource) {
-                $projectedResources += $currentResource
-            }
-            else {
-                $projectedResources += $resourceDesiredState
-            }
+            $projectedResources += $currentResource
         }
     }
 
@@ -658,50 +684,53 @@ function SetPSResourceList {
     }
 
     $repositoryName = $inputObj.repositoryName
-    $resourcesToUninstall = @()
+    $resourcesToUninstall = [System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary[string, psobject]]::new()
     $resourcesToInstall = [System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary[string, psobject]]::new()
 
     $resourcesChanged = $false
 
+    $desiredResources = @(ConvertInputToPSResourceList -inputObj $inputObj)
     $currentState = GetPSResourceList -inputObj $inputObj
 
-    $inputObj.resources | ForEach-Object {
-        $resourceDesiredState = ConvertInputToPSResource -inputObj $_ -repositoryName $repositoryName
+    foreach ($resourceAction in @(GetPSResourceListActions -desiredResources $desiredResources -currentResources $currentState.resources)) {
+        $resourceDesiredState = $resourceAction.desired
         $name = $resourceDesiredState.name
-        $version = $resourceDesiredState.version
-        $scope = if ($resourceDesiredState.scope) { $resourceDesiredState.scope } else { "CurrentUser" }
-
-        # Resource should not exist - uninstall if it does
-        $currentState.resources | ForEach-Object {
-
-            $isInDesiredState = $_.IsInDesiredState($resourceDesiredState)
-
-            # Uninstall if resource should not exist but does
-            if (-not $resourceDesiredState._exist -and $_._exist) {
-                Write-Trace -message "Resource $($resourceDesiredState.name) exists but _exist is false. Adding to uninstall list." -level debug
-                $resourcesToUninstall += $_
-            }
-            # Install if resource should exist but doesn't, or exists but not in desired state
-            elseif ($resourceDesiredState._exist -and (-not $_._exist -or -not $isInDesiredState)) {
-                Write-Trace -message "Resource $($resourceDesiredState.name) needs to be installed." -level debug
-                $versionStr = if ($version) { $resourceDesiredState.version } else { 'latest' }
-                $key = $name.ToLowerInvariant() + '-' + $versionStr.ToLowerInvariant()
-                if (-not $resourcesToInstall.ContainsKey($key)) {
-                    $resourcesToInstall[$key] = $resourceDesiredState
-                }
+        $versionStr = if ($resourceDesiredState.version) { $resourceDesiredState.version } else { 'latest' }
+
+        # Uninstall if resource should not exist but does
+        if ($resourceAction.action -eq 'Uninstall') {
+            Write-Trace -message "Resource $name exists but _exist is false. Adding to uninstall list." -level debug
+            # The resource has to be removed from the scope it is currently installed in
+            $key = $name.ToLowerInvariant() + '-' + $versionStr.ToLowerInvariant() + '-' + $resourceAction.current.scope
+            if (-not $resourcesToUninstall.ContainsKey($key)) {
+                $resourcesToUninstall[$key] = $resourceAction
             }
-            # Otherwise resource is in desired state, no action needed
-            else {
-                Write-Trace -message "Resource $($resourceDesiredState.name) is in desired state." -level debug
+        }
+        # Install if resource should exist but doesn't, or exists but not in desired state
+        elseif ($resourceAction.action -eq 'Install') {
+            Write-Trace -message "Resource $name needs to be installed." -level debug
+            $key = $name.ToLowerInvariant() + '-' + $versionStr.ToLowerInvariant()
+            if (-not $resourcesToInstall.ContainsKey($key)) {
+                $resourcesToInstall[$key] = $resourceDesiredState
             }
         }
+        # Otherwise resource is in desired state, no action needed
+        else {
+            Write-Trace -message "Resource $name is in desired state." -level debug
+        }
     }
 
     if ($resourcesToUninstall.Count -gt 0) {
-        Write-Trace -message "Uninstalling resources: $($resourcesToUninstall | ForEach-Object { "$($_.Name) - $($_.Version)" })" -level debug
-        $resourcesToUninstall | ForEach-Object {
+        Write-Trace -message "Uninstalling resources: $($resourcesToUninstall.Values | ForEach-Object { "$($_.current.name) - $($_.current.version)" })" -level debug
+        $resourcesToUninstall.Values | ForEach-Object {
+            # Only remove the requested version (range) when there is one, otherwise all versions are removed
+            $versionParam = @{}
+            if ($_.desired.version) {
+                $versionParam['Version'] = $_.desired.version
+            }
+
             $cmdWarnings = $null
-            Uninstall-PSResource -Name $_.Name -Scope $scope -ErrorAction Stop -WarningVariable cmdWarnings
+            Uninstall-PSResource -Name $_.current.name @versionParam -Scope $_.current.scope -ErrorAction Stop -WarningVariable cmdWarnings
             foreach ($w in $cmdWarnings) {
                 Write-Trace -message ([string]$w) -level warn
             }
@@ -731,9 +760,15 @@ function SetPSResourceList {
             $name = $_.Name
             $version = $_.Version
 
+            # Install-PSResource does not accept an empty version, leave it out to install the latest version
+            $versionParam = @{}
+            if ($version) {
+                $versionParam['Version'] = $version
+            }
+
             try {
                 $cmdWarnings = $null
-                Install-PSResource -Name $_.Name -Version $_.Version -Scope $scope -Repository $repositoryName -ErrorAction Stop -TrustRepository:$inputObj.trustedRepository -Prerelease:$usePrerelease -Reinstall -WarningVariable cmdWarnings
+                Install-PSResource -Name $_.Name @versionParam -Scope $_.Scope -Repository $repositoryName -ErrorAction Stop -TrustRepository:$inputObj.trustedRepository -Prerelease:$usePrerelease -Reinstall -WarningVariable cmdWarnings
                 foreach ($w in $cmdWarnings) {
                     Write-Trace -message ([string]$w) -level warn
                 }
@@ -788,15 +823,15 @@ function SetOperation {
             }
 
             if ($null -eq $rep -and $inputObj._exist -ne $false) {
-                Register-PSResourceRepository @splatt
+                Register-PSResourceRepository @splatt -ErrorAction Stop
             }
             else {
                 if ($inputObj._exist -eq $false) {
                     Write-Trace -message "Repository $($inputObj.Name) exists and _exist is false. Deleting it." -level debug
-                    Unregister-PSResourceRepository -Name $inputObj.Name
+                    Unregister-PSResourceRepository -Name $inputObj.Name -ErrorAction Stop
                 }
                 else {
-                    Set-PSResourceRepository @splatt
+                    Set-PSResourceRepository @splatt -ErrorAction Stop
                 }
             }
 
@@ -834,7 +869,7 @@ function DeleteOperation {
             $rep = Get-PSResourceRepository -Name $inputObj.Name -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
 
             if ($null -ne $rep) {
-                Unregister-PSResourceRepository -Name $inputObj.Name
+                Unregister-PSResourceRepository -Name $inputObj.Name -ErrorAction Stop
             }
             else {
                 Write-Trace -message "Repository not found: $($inputObj.Name). Nothing to delete." -level debug
diff --git a/test/DscResource/PSResourceGetDSCResource.Tests.ps1 b/test/DscResource/PSResourceGetDSCResource.Tests.ps1
index fafc91006..e093e2bd6 100644
--- a/test/DscResource/PSResourceGetDSCResource.Tests.ps1
+++ b/test/DscResource/PSResourceGetDSCResource.Tests.ps1
@@ -50,6 +50,23 @@ function SetupTestRepos {
     New-TestModule -moduleName $script:testModuleName3 -repoName $script:localRepo -packageVersion "1.0.0" -prereleaseLabel "" -tags @()
 }
 
+function ResetDscTestModules {
+    # Remove the local test modules so that a test does not depend on the state left by another test
+    foreach ($moduleToRemove in @($script:testModuleName, $script:testModuleName2, $script:testModuleName3)) {
+        Uninstall-PSResource -Name $moduleToRemove -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+    }
+}
+
+function InvokePSResourceListOperation {
+    param(
+        [string]$Operation,
+        [hashtable]$Properties
+    )
+
+    $resourceInput = $Properties | ConvertTo-Json -Depth 5
+    & $script:dscExe resource $Operation --resource Microsoft.PowerShell.PSResourceGet/PSResourceList --input $resourceInput -o json | ConvertFrom-Json
+}
+
 Describe "DSC resource schema tests" -tags 'CI' {
     BeforeAll {
 
@@ -79,6 +96,18 @@ Describe "DSC resource schema tests" -tags 'CI' {
         $pkgResource | Should -BeExactly 'Microsoft.PowerShell.PSResourceGet/PSResourceList'
     }
 
+    It 'DSC v3 resources are loaded from the build output' -Skip:$skipTest {
+        # DSC can also discover the resources of an installed PSResourceGet module. The manifest versions are the same,
+        # so that copy can win and the tests would then not run against the resources that were just built.
+        $expectedModulePath = (Resolve-Path -Path (Join-Path $env:BUILD_SOURCESDIRECTORY 'out')).Path
+        $resources = & $script:dscExe resource list 'Microsoft.PowerShell.PSResourceGet/*' -o json | ConvertFrom-Json
+
+        $resources | Should -Not -BeNullOrEmpty
+        foreach ($resource in $resources) {
+            $resource.directory | Should -BeLike "$expectedModulePath*" -Because "the tests have to run against the built resources. Set DSC_RESOURCE_PATH to the module folder in 'out' (and the folder of pwsh) when another copy is discovered"
+        }
+    }
+
     It 'Repository resource has expected properties' {
         $repoResource = & $script:dscExe resource schema --resource Microsoft.PowerShell.PSResourceGet/Repository -o json | convertfrom-json | select-object -first 1
         $repoResource.properties.name.title | Should -BeExactly 'Name'
@@ -182,6 +211,23 @@ Describe 'Repository Resource Tests' -Tags 'CI' {
         $outputText | Should -Not -Match 'Unhandled exception'
     }
 
+    It 'Shows the error message when an operation fails' {
+        # The uri scheme is not supported, so registering the repository fails without changing anything
+        $repoParams = @{
+            name = 'TestRepoWithInvalidUri'
+            uri  = 'ssh://www.doesnotexist.com/repo'
+        }
+
+        $resourceInput = $repoParams | ConvertTo-Json -Depth 5
+
+        # The default trace level has to show the reason, and not only the description of the exit code
+        $output = & $script:dscExe resource set --resource Microsoft.PowerShell.PSResourceGet/Repository --input $resourceInput 2>&1
+        $LASTEXITCODE | Should -Not -Be 0
+        $output | Out-String | Should -Match 'Invalid Uri'
+
+        Get-PSResourceRepository -Name 'TestRepoWithInvalidUri' -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue | Should -BeNullOrEmpty
+    }
+
     It 'Can delete a Repository resource instance' {
         # First, create a repository to delete
         Register-PSResourceRepository -Name 'TestRepoToDelete' -uri 'https://www.doesnotexist.com' -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -APIVersion Local
@@ -444,6 +490,25 @@ Describe "PSResourceList Resource Tests" -Tags 'CI' {
         $getResult.actualState.resources[0].version | Should -BeExactly '5.0.0'
         $getResult.actualState.resources[0]._exist | Should -BeTrue
     }
+
+    It 'Test returns one state and one diff when the repository does not exist' {
+        $resourceInput = @{
+            repositoryName = 'RepositoryThatDoesNotExist'
+            resources      = @(@{ name = $script:testModuleName })
+        } | ConvertTo-Json -Depth 5 -Compress
+
+        $testResult = & $script:dscExe resource test --resource Microsoft.PowerShell.PSResourceGet/PSResourceList --input $resourceInput -o json | ConvertFrom-Json
+        $LASTEXITCODE | Should -Be 0
+        $testResult.inDesiredState | Should -BeFalse
+
+        # DSC only reads the first two lines of the output, so invoke the resource script directly to verify all of it
+        $resourceDirectory = (& $script:dscExe resource list Microsoft.PowerShell.PSResourceGet/PSResourceList -o json | ConvertFrom-Json).directory
+        $resourceScript = Join-Path -Path $resourceDirectory -ChildPath 'psresourceget.ps1'
+        $stdout = $resourceInput | pwsh -NoLogo -NonInteractive -NoProfile -Command "`$Input | & '$resourceScript' -ResourceType psresourcelist -Operation test" 2>$null
+
+        @($stdout).Count | Should -Be 2
+        ($stdout[0] | ConvertFrom-Json)._inDesiredState | Should -BeFalse
+    }
 }
 
 Describe 'E2E tests for Repository resource' -Tags 'CI' {
@@ -764,4 +829,254 @@ resources:
         $result = $out.results.result[0].afterState
         $result.resources[0]._metadata | Should -BeNullOrEmpty
     }
+
+    It 'What-if only reports the version that is not installed when a resource is listed twice' {
+        Uninstall-PSResource -Name $script:testModuleName -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+        Install-PSResource -Name $script:testModuleName -Version '1.0.0' -Repository $script:localRepo -TrustRepository -Reinstall
+
+        $config_yaml = @"
+`$schema: https://aka.ms/dsc/schemas/v3/bundled/config/document.json
+resources:
+- name: PSResourceList what-if same resource twice
+  type: Microsoft.PowerShell.PSResourceGet/PSResourceList
+  properties:
+    repositoryName: $script:localRepo
+    trustedRepository: true
+    resources:
+    - name: $script:testModuleName
+      version: '[[1.0.0,2.0.0)'
+    - name: $script:testModuleName
+      version: '[[5.0.0,6.0.0)'
+"@
+
+        $out = & $script:dscExe config set --what-if --input $config_yaml 2>$TestDrive/error.log | ConvertFrom-Json
+        $LASTEXITCODE | Should -Be 0 -Because (Get-Content -Path $TestDrive/error.log -Raw)
+
+        $result = $out.results.result[0].afterState
+        $result.resources.Count | Should -Be 2
+        $result.resources[0]._exist | Should -BeTrue
+        $result.resources[0]._metadata | Should -BeNullOrEmpty
+        $result.resources[1]._metadata.whatIf[0] | Should -Match 'Would install'
+
+        Get-PSResource -Name $script:testModuleName -Version '5.0.0' -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue | Should -BeNullOrEmpty
+    }
+}
+
+Describe 'PSResourceList desired state tests' -Tags 'CI' {
+    BeforeAll {
+        $skipTest = $null -eq (Get-Command -Type Application -Name pwsh -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue)
+
+        if ($skipTest) {
+            $originalDefaultParameterValues = $PSDefaultParameterValues.Clone()
+            $PSDefaultParameterValues['it:skip'] = $skipTest
+            return
+        }
+
+        SetupDsc
+        SetupTestRepos
+
+        ## The tests install modules in-process to set up the state. DSC uses PowerShell 7, which does not see modules installed by Windows PowerShell.
+        $isOnWindowsPowerShell = $PSVersionTable.PSVersion.Major -lt 6
+
+        $originalDefaultParameterValues = $PSDefaultParameterValues.Clone()
+        $PSDefaultParameterValues['it:skip'] = $isOnWindowsPowerShell
+    }
+
+    AfterAll {
+        $global:PSDefaultParameterValues = $originalDefaultParameterValues
+
+        if ($skipTest) {
+            return
+        }
+
+        ResetDscTestModules
+        Get-RevertPSResourceRepositoryFile
+    }
+
+    It 'Test checks every resource and not only the first one' {
+        ResetDscTestModules
+        Install-PSResource -Name $script:testModuleName -Version '5.0.0' -Repository $script:localRepo -TrustRepository -Reinstall
+
+        $installed = @{ name = $script:testModuleName; version = '5.0.0' }
+        $notInstalled = @{ name = $script:testModuleName3; version = '1.0.0' }
+
+        $testResult = InvokePSResourceListOperation -Operation test -Properties @{ repositoryName = $script:localRepo; resources = @($installed, $notInstalled) }
+        $testResult.inDesiredState | Should -BeFalse
+
+        $testResult = InvokePSResourceListOperation -Operation test -Properties @{ repositoryName = $script:localRepo; resources = @($notInstalled, $installed) }
+        $testResult.inDesiredState | Should -BeFalse
+    }
+
+    It 'Test is in desired state for an installed resource without a version' {
+        ResetDscTestModules
+        Install-PSResource -Name $script:testModuleName -Version '5.0.0' -Repository $script:localRepo -TrustRepository -Reinstall
+
+        $testResult = InvokePSResourceListOperation -Operation test -Properties @{
+            repositoryName = $script:localRepo
+            resources      = @(@{ name = $script:testModuleName })
+        }
+
+        $testResult.inDesiredState | Should -BeTrue
+    }
+
+    It 'Test is in desired state when the version that should not exist is not installed' {
+        ResetDscTestModules
+        Install-PSResource -Name $script:testModuleName -Version '5.0.0' -Repository $script:localRepo -TrustRepository -Reinstall
+
+        $testResult = InvokePSResourceListOperation -Operation test -Properties @{
+            repositoryName = $script:localRepo
+            resources      = @(@{ name = $script:testModuleName; version = '[1.0.0,2.0.0)'; _exist = $false })
+        }
+
+        $testResult.inDesiredState | Should -BeTrue
+    }
+
+    It 'Set installs a resource without a version and does not install it again' {
+        ResetDscTestModules
+
+        $properties = @{
+            repositoryName    = $script:localRepo
+            trustedRepository = $true
+            resources         = @(@{ name = $script:testModuleName3 })
+        }
+
+        $setResult = InvokePSResourceListOperation -Operation set -Properties $properties
+        $LASTEXITCODE | Should -Be 0
+        $setResult.changedProperties | Should -Contain 'resources'
+
+        $installed = Get-PSResource -Name $script:testModuleName3
+        $installed.Version | Should -Be '1.0.0'
+
+        $setResult = InvokePSResourceListOperation -Operation set -Properties $properties
+        $LASTEXITCODE | Should -Be 0
+        $setResult.changedProperties | Should -BeNullOrEmpty
+        (Get-PSResource -Name $script:testModuleName3).InstalledDate | Should -Be $installed.InstalledDate
+    }
+
+    It 'Set does not install resources again that are in desired state' {
+        ResetDscTestModules
+        Install-PSResource -Name $script:testModuleName -Version '5.0.0' -Repository $script:localRepo -TrustRepository -Reinstall
+        Install-PSResource -Name $script:testModuleName2 -Version '5.0.0' -Repository $script:localRepo -TrustRepository -Reinstall
+        $installedDates = (Get-PSResource -Name $script:testModuleName, $script:testModuleName2).InstalledDate
+
+        $setResult = InvokePSResourceListOperation -Operation set -Properties @{
+            repositoryName    = $script:localRepo
+            trustedRepository = $true
+            resources         = @(
+                @{ name = $script:testModuleName; version = '5.0.0' },
+                @{ name = $script:testModuleName2; version = '5.0.0' }
+            )
+        }
+
+        $LASTEXITCODE | Should -Be 0
+        $setResult.changedProperties | Should -BeNullOrEmpty
+        (Get-PSResource -Name $script:testModuleName, $script:testModuleName2).InstalledDate | Should -Be $installedDates
+    }
+
+    It 'Set only uninstalls the resource that should not exist' {
+        ResetDscTestModules
+        Install-PSResource -Name $script:testModuleName -Version '1.0.0' -Repository $script:localRepo -TrustRepository -Reinstall
+        Install-PSResource -Name $script:testModuleName -Version '5.0.0' -Repository $script:localRepo -TrustRepository -Reinstall
+        Install-PSResource -Name $script:testModuleName2 -Version '5.0.0' -Repository $script:localRepo -TrustRepository -Reinstall
+        $installedDate = (Get-PSResource -Name $script:testModuleName -Version '5.0.0').InstalledDate
+
+        $null = InvokePSResourceListOperation -Operation set -Properties @{
+            repositoryName    = $script:localRepo
+            trustedRepository = $true
+            resources         = @(
+                @{ name = $script:testModuleName; version = '5.0.0' },
+                @{ name = $script:testModuleName2; _exist = $false }
+            )
+        }
+
+        $LASTEXITCODE | Should -Be 0
+        Get-PSResource -Name $script:testModuleName2 -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue | Should -BeNullOrEmpty
+        Get-PSResource -Name $script:testModuleName | Should -HaveCount 2
+        (Get-PSResource -Name $script:testModuleName -Version '5.0.0').InstalledDate | Should -Be $installedDate
+    }
+
+    It 'Set only uninstalls the version that should not exist' {
+        ResetDscTestModules
+        Install-PSResource -Name $script:testModuleName -Version '1.0.0' -Repository $script:localRepo -TrustRepository -Reinstall
+        Install-PSResource -Name $script:testModuleName -Version '5.0.0' -Repository $script:localRepo -TrustRepository -Reinstall
+        $installedDate = (Get-PSResource -Name $script:testModuleName -Version '5.0.0').InstalledDate
+
+        $null = InvokePSResourceListOperation -Operation set -Properties @{
+            repositoryName    = $script:localRepo
+            trustedRepository = $true
+            resources         = @(
+                @{ name = $script:testModuleName; version = '5.0.0' },
+                @{ name = $script:testModuleName; version = '[1.0.0,2.0.0)'; _exist = $false }
+            )
+        }
+
+        $LASTEXITCODE | Should -Be 0
+        $installed = Get-PSResource -Name $script:testModuleName
+        $installed | Should -HaveCount 1
+        $installed.Version | Should -Be '5.0.0'
+        $installed.InstalledDate | Should -Be $installedDate
+    }
+
+    It 'Set uninstalls a resource from the scope it is installed in' {
+        ResetDscTestModules
+        Install-PSResource -Name $script:testModuleName -Version '5.0.0' -Repository $script:localRepo -TrustRepository -Reinstall
+
+        # The scope of the last resource must not be used for the other resources
+        $null = InvokePSResourceListOperation -Operation set -Properties @{
+            repositoryName = $script:localRepo
+            resources      = @(
+                @{ name = $script:testModuleName; _exist = $false },
+                @{ name = $script:testModuleName3; scope = 'AllUsers'; _exist = $false }
+            )
+        }
+
+        $LASTEXITCODE | Should -Be 0
+        Get-PSResource -Name $script:testModuleName -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue | Should -BeNullOrEmpty
+    }
+
+    It 'Set installs a resource in its own scope' {
+        ResetDscTestModules
+
+        try {
+            # The scope of the last resource must not be used for the other resources
+            $null = InvokePSResourceListOperation -Operation set -Properties @{
+                repositoryName    = $script:localRepo
+                trustedRepository = $true
+                resources         = @(
+                    @{ name = $script:testModuleName; version = '5.0.0' },
+                    @{ name = $script:testModuleName3; scope = 'AllUsers'; _exist = $false }
+                )
+            }
+
+            $LASTEXITCODE | Should -Be 0
+            Get-PSResource -Name $script:testModuleName -Scope CurrentUser -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue | Should -Not -BeNullOrEmpty
+            Get-PSResource -Name $script:testModuleName -Scope AllUsers -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue | Should -BeNullOrEmpty
+        }
+        finally {
+            Uninstall-PSResource -Name $script:testModuleName -Scope AllUsers -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+        }
+    }
+
+    It 'Set installs a resource in the AllUsers scope - Windows only' -Skip:(!((Get-IsWindows) -and (Test-IsAdmin)) -or $PSVersionTable.PSVersion.Major -lt 6) {
+        ResetDscTestModules
+        Uninstall-PSResource -Name $script:testModuleName -Scope AllUsers -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+
+        try {
+            $null = InvokePSResourceListOperation -Operation set -Properties @{
+                repositoryName    = $script:localRepo
+                trustedRepository = $true
+                resources         = @(
+                    @{ name = $script:testModuleName; version = '5.0.0'; scope = 'AllUsers' },
+                    @{ name = $script:testModuleName3; _exist = $false }
+                )
+            }
+
+            $LASTEXITCODE | Should -Be 0
+            Get-PSResource -Name $script:testModuleName -Scope AllUsers -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue | Should -Not -BeNullOrEmpty
+            Get-PSResource -Name $script:testModuleName -Scope CurrentUser -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue | Should -BeNullOrEmpty
+        }
+        finally {
+            Uninstall-PSResource -Name $script:testModuleName -Scope AllUsers -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+        }
+    }
 }